What is an encoder?

What Is an Encoder? Fenac Industrial Solutions

Encoders are smart devices that measure how far, how fast, and in which direction machines move. By delivering speed, direction, and position feedback, they keep production lines running smoothly, protect product quality, and boost manufacturing efficiency.

Key Features

● Resolution: The smallest movement the encoder can detect. The finer the resolution, the more precise the control.

● Accuracy: How closely the measured value matches the true position - critical for quality control and energy efficiency.

● Signal Type: How data is transmitted to the control system. Encoders may send digital pulses, analog signals, or use serial communication.

Operating Principle: Encoders detect mechanical motion and convert it into electrical signals. This allows real-time monitoring of speed and position, ensuring stable, safe, and predictable processes.

Where Encoders Are Used

Encoders are essential across many industries and applications:

● Industrial automation: Position–speed–direction feedback for process and machine control

● Robotics: Precise joint and end-effector tracking; repeatable movement cycle after cycle

● CNC machinery: Accurate axis and tool positioning; reliable production with tight tolerances

● Computer peripherals: Position detection in devices such as mice and joysticks

In short, encoders reveal where a machine is, how fast it’s moving, and in which direction, leading to higher productivity and lower costs.

Types of Encoders Rotary (Shaft) Encoders

Measure rotational position or angular movement. Widely used in motor feedback, industrial automation, and robotics.

● Incremental Encoders: Generate pulses as the shaft rotates; relative position, speed, and direction can be calculated.

● Absolute Encoders: Provide a unique value for each shaft position; position information is retained even after power loss.

Applications: Motor drive feedback, robotic joint position, conveyor and packaging line speed/position control.

Linear Encoders

Measure position along a straight line — perfect for CNC axes, metrology, and automated assembly.

Sensing Technologies:

● Optical Linear Encoders: High resolution and accuracy.

● Magnetic Linear Encoders: Robust in harsh environments with dust, oil, or vibration.

Optical Encoders

Use light to detect position changes; provide very high resolution and repeatability.

Applications: Semiconductor manufacturing equipment, laboratory/testing devices, injection molding machines.

Magnetic Encoders

Use magnetic fields to determine position; resistant to dust, dirt, and moisture.

Applications: Automotive steering or wheel speed, heavy machinery, production and packaging lines.

Fenac Encoder Solutions

Fenac Technology designs and manufactures encoder technologies that meet global standards. Fenac encoders are trusted in a wide range of industries, including testing equipment, elevators, food and textile machinery, steel production plants, woodworking, printing, and packaging lines.

Industry-Specific Solutions

● Elevator Technologies: High-precision floor alignment and speed control for safer, smoother rides.

● Steel Applications: Reliable tracking under high temperatures and harsh conditions; improved production safety and throughput.

● Textile Applications: Optimized speed and position control in weaving and cutting machines; better quality and higher line speeds.

● Robotics: Accurate joint and end-effector feedback; high repeatability for assembly, welding, and painting. ● Gearbox Applications: Full motion control for motor, gearbox integration; extended machine life and reduced downtime.

Why Choose Fenac Encoders

● Accuracy you can measure: High-resolution feedback for consistent product quality.

● Designed for uptime: Robust construction for tough industrial conditions.

● Integration-ready: Works seamlessly with leading drives and control platforms.

● Global support: Responsive engineering help from selection to commissioning.